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本文主要研究贵州省南部地区2019-2024年手足口病（Hand, foot and mouth disease, HFMD）相关肠道病毒（Enterovirus, EVs）病原构成及其流行特征。回顾性分析2019-2024年贵州省南部地区（黔西南州、黔南州及黔东南州）临床诊断HFMD患者13 791例，并采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应（Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR）法检测EVs核酸，对主要病原进行分型鉴定，并进行了描述性分析。结果显示，在13 791例HFMD病例中，EVs阳性检出9 055例，阳性率为65.7%。其中，柯萨奇病毒A组6型（Coxsackievirus A6,CVA6）(21.1%)与未分型EVs(20.7%)为主要病原体。重症病例（含死亡病例）中EVs阳性占比为84.8%，以CVA6为主。重症病例主要集中在黔西南地区。地域分布显示，黔东南州未分型EVs检出率显著高于其他两个地区（黔南州与黔西南州）。贵州省南部地区，HFMD主要发生在男性（男女性别比为1.7∶1），且多见于1～4岁的儿童，一般5～6月为HFMD检出阳性的高峰期，但个别年份由于新型冠状病毒疫情的影响，HFMD的流行趋势会有所变化。2019-2024年贵州省南部地区HFMD相关EVs检出率较高，CVA6与未分型EVs已成为成该地区HFMD的主要病原体。未来需进一步关注未分型EVs病原类型及其潜在危害，为该区域HFMD的精准防控及疫苗策略优化提供实验室参考依据。
Abstract：This study investigates the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of enteroviruses(EVs) associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease(HFMD) in southern Guizhou Province, China from 2019 to 2024. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 13,791 clinically diagnosed HFMD cases from Qianxinan, Qiannan, and Qiandongnan prefectures. EV nucleic acids were detected using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR), followed by serotyping of major pathogens and descriptive epidemiological analysis. Among the 13791 HFMD cases, 9055 tested positive for EVs, with a positivity rate of 65.7%. Coxsackievirus A6(CVA6)(21.1%) and untyped EVs(20.7%) were the predominant pathogens. Among severe and fatal cases, 84.8% were EV-positive, with CVA6 being the most common. Severe cases were primarily concentrated in Qianxinan Prefecture. Geographically, the detection rate of untyped EVs in Qiandongnan was significantly higher than in Qiannan and Qianxinan. Across the three regions, HFMD mainly affected males(male-to-female ratio: 1.7:1) and children aged 1–4 years. The peak positivity rate typically occurred between May and June; however, the epidemic trend varied in some years due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. From 2019 to 2024, the overall detection rate of EVs associated with HFMD remained high in southern Guizhou, China, with CVA6 and untyped EVs emerging as the predominant pathogens. Future research should focus on characterizing untyped EVs and assessing their potential public health risk to support targeted HFMD prevention and inform vaccine strategy optimization in this region.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.250127
中图分类号:R725.1;R181.3
引用信息:
[1]苏飞,郭军,张富敏,等.贵州省南部地区2019-2024年手足口病病原谱构成及流行特征的研究[J].病毒学报,2025,41(05):1353-1360.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.250127.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(项目号：81860594)，题目：贵州省人类肠道病毒的遗传多样性及变异变迁规律研究~~