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目的 分析2025年4～6月河南省虞城县急性呼吸道感染(Acute respiratory infection,ARI)病例常见呼吸道病原体谱构成及流行特征，为当地呼吸道感染监测和防控提供实验依据。方法 收集2025年4～6月虞城县哨点医院ARI病例咽拭子样本994份，并收集病例人口学资料、就诊方式、临床表现等信息。采用实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)方法检测17种呼吸道病原体。结果 994份样本中，共158份检出至少一种呼吸道病原体，总体检出率为15.90%。检出率较高的病原体依次为人副流感病毒(Human parainfluenza virus,hPIV)4.43%、人腺病毒(Human adenovirus,hAdV)3.72%、人鼻病毒(Human rhinovirus,hRV)2.21%和呼吸道合胞病毒(Respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)1.81%。单一感染140例，混合感染18例，混合感染占阳性病例的11.39%,hPIV3+hAdV和RSV+hAdV组合较常见。不同性别间病原体检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄组检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.585,P=0.022)，其中1～3岁组阳性率最高，为21.83%；进一步趋势分析显示，病原体阳性风险随年龄增加总体呈下降趋势，并在约7.5岁后趋于平缓。临床表现及就诊方式与病原体阳性检出之间差异均未达到统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 2025年4～6月虞城县ARI病例呼吸道病原体以hPIV、hAdV、hRV和RSV等非流感病毒(Influenza virus,IFV)为主。低龄儿童是病原体检出的重点人群。临床症状与病原体阳性检出之间关联有限，因此在常规流感监测基础上，加强多病原联合检测和低龄儿童呼吸道病原体监测是必要的。
Abstract：Objective To analyze the composition and epidemiological characteristics of common respiratory pathogen spectrums among patients with acute respiratory infection(ARI) in Yucheng, Henan during the period from April to June 2025, and to provide laboratory evidence for local respiratory infection monitoring, prevention and control. Methods A total of 994 oropharyngeal swab specimens were collected from ARI patients at a sentinel hospital in Yucheng from April to June 2025, with the demographic information, type of medical visit, and clinical manifestations collected. Seventeen respiratory pathogens were detected using the quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR). Result Among the 994 specimens, 158 specimens were positive for at least one respiratory pathogen, with an overall detection rate of 15.90%. The pathogens with the highest detection rate were human parainfluenza virus(hPIV) at 4.43%, human adenovirus(hAdV) at 3.72%, human rhinovirus(hRV) at 2.21%, and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) at 1.81%. Single infection was identified in 140 cases, and co-infection was identified in 18 cases, accounting for 11.39% of the positive cases. The most common co-infection combinations were hPIV3+hAdV and RSV+hAdV. No statistically significant difference was observed in the pathogen detection rate of different genders(P>0.05). Detection rates differed significantly among different age groups (χ2=9.585, P=0.022), with the highest positivity observed in the age group of 1–3 years(21.83%). Further trend analysis showed that the risk of pathogen positivity generally decreased with increasing age and tended to level off after approximately 7.5 years. No statistically significant differences were observed between pathogen positivity and clinical manifestations or type of medical visit(all P>0.05). Conclusion From April to June 2025, respiratory pathogens detected in ARI cases in Yucheng were mainly the non-influenza viruses such as hPIV, hAdV, hRV, and RSV. Young children were the key population with pathogen detected. There was limited association between clinical manifestations and pathogen positivity, suggesting that multi-pathogen testing and respiratory pathogen monitoring among young children should be strengthened in addition to routine influenza monitoring.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.260158
中图分类号:R181.3;R725.6
引用信息:
[1]侯小宁,高为民,崔思敏,等.2025年4～6月虞城县儿科常见呼吸道病原体感染谱及流行病学特征[J].病毒学报,2026,42(04):1160-1167.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.260158.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划（项目号：2023YFC2605602）,题目：高致病性病毒遗传进化特征与溯源关键技术研究~~
2026-05-07
2026
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