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黄病毒属病毒是危害全球公共卫生的单股正链RNA病毒，当前仍缺少广谱高效的疫苗与抗病毒药物，防控形势严峻。RNA甲基化作为表观转录调控的关键方式，在黄病毒感染过程中发挥重要调控作用。本文系统总结了黄病毒属病毒RNA甲基化的研究进展，从两个核心层面进行阐述：一是病毒基因组自身的甲基化修饰，包括5′UTR帽子修饰、开放阅读框及3′UTR区域修饰，通过调控病毒RNA的稳定性、翻译、复制与免疫逃逸直接影响感染进程；二是病毒感染引发宿主RNA甲基化重编程，通过改变宿主关键基因的甲基化水平，干扰免疫应答与细胞代谢，间接为病毒复制创造有利条件。文章同时梳理了相关检测技术发展与研究争议，表明RNA甲基化具有明显的位点特异性与病毒特异性。最后展望了靶向甲基化通路的抗病毒药物、减毒疫苗及诊断标志物的开发前景，为黄病毒防控提供新的理论支撑与研究方向。
Abstract：Flaviviruses are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that pose a significant threat to global public health. The lack of broad-spectrum and highly effective vaccines and antiviral drugs presents a considerable challenge for the prevention and control of these viruses. RNA methylation, a critical mechanism of epitranscriptional regulation, plays an important regulatory role during flavivirus infection. This review systematically summarizes the research progress on flavivirus RNA methylation in two core perspectives. First, the methylation modifications of the viral genome, including modifications of the 5′ UTR cap, the open reading frame, and the 3′ UTR. These modifications directly influence the infection process by regulating viral RNA stability, translation, replication, and immune evasion. Second, the reprogramming of host RNA methylation induced by viral infection. By altering the methylation levels of key host genes, this process disrupts immune responses and cellular metabolism, indirectly creating a favorable environment for viral replication. This article also reviews the development of related detection technologies and current research controversies, highlighting the significant site-specificity and virus-specific nature of RNA methylation. Finally, we discuss the potential for developing antiviral drugs, attenuated vaccines, and diagnostic markers targeting methylation pathways, offering new theoretical support and research directions for prevention and control of flavivirus infection.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:R373
引用信息:
[1]黄锦弟,唐瑞霞,杜廷福.黄病毒-宿主互作中的表观转录组调控：RNA甲基化修饰的功能与机制[J].病毒学报().
2026-09-08
2026-09-08
2026-09-08