2020 04 v.36 694-702
COVID-19的流行及研究现状
基金项目(Foundation):
“艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治”国家科技重大专项(项目号:2017ZX10103011),题目:广东省传染病病原谱和流行规律研究
邮箱(Email):
DOI:
10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.003751
中文作者单位:
中山大学中山医学院;中山大学热带病防治研究教育部重点实验室;南方医科大学肿瘤研究所;中山大学公共卫生学院;
摘要(Abstract):
2019年12月,武汉市发现多例不明原因肺炎病例,随后被证实由一种新型冠状病毒引起。2020年2月11日WHO将该疾病命名为COVID-19(Coronavirus disease 2019)。此后,疫情蔓延至全国。全球多个国家和地区也出现了COVID-19。COVID-19主要经呼吸道飞沫和密切接触传播,潜伏期1～14d,多为3～7d,大部分患者症状较轻,少数患者出现呼吸困难和/或低氧血症,甚至进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征、多器官功能衰竭等。目前尚无针对该疾病的疫苗和特异性治疗药物。本文将从病原学、流行病学、致病机制、预防与治疗等方面对COVID-19进行综述,希望对疫情防控、药物和疫苗研究提供参考。
关键词(KeyWords):
新型冠状病毒肺炎;;新型冠状病毒;;COVID-19;;SARS-CoV-2
| 4,325 | 6 | 21 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
参考文献
[1]WHO.Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003[DB/OL].Available from:https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/
[2]WHO.MERS situation update,January 2020.2020cited Mar 12 2020[DB/OL].Available from:http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/merscov/mers-situation-update-january-2020.html
[3]Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of V.The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus:classifying 2019-n Co V and naming it SARS-Co V-2[J].Nat Microbiol,2020,5(4):536-544.
[4]WHO.Updated WHO recommendations for international traffic in relation to COVID-19 outbreak[DB/OL].Available from:https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/updated-whorecommendations-for-international-traffic-in-relation-tocovid-19-outbreak
[5]WHO.WHO characterizes COVID-19 as a pandemic[DB/OL].Available from:https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/eventsas-they-happen
[6]Su S,Wong G,Shi W,Liu J,Lai A C K,Zhou J,Liu W,Bi Y,Gao G F.Epidemiology,genetic recombination,and pathogenesis of coronaviruses[J].Trends Microbiol,2016,24(6):490-502.
[7]Gorbalenya A E,Enjuanes L,Ziebuhr J,Snijder E J.Nidovirales:evolving the largest RNA virus genome[J].Virus Res,2006,117(1):17-37.
[8]ICTV.Taxonomic[DB/OL].2020 11 Mar 2020;Available from:https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/
[9]Cui J,Li F,Shi Z L.Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2019,17(3):181-192.
[10]Zumla A,Chan J F,Azhar E I,Hui D S,Yuen K Y.Coronaviruses-drug discovery and therapeutic options[J].Nat Rev Drug Discov,2016,15(5):327-347.
[11]Lu R,Zhao X,Li J,Niu P,Yang B,Wu H,Wang W,Song H,Huang B,Zhu N,Bi Y,Ma X,Zhan F,Wang L,Hu T,Zhou H,Hu Z,Zhou W,Zhao L,Chen J,Meng Y,Wang J,Lin Y,Yuan J,Xie Z,Ma J,Liu W J,Wang D,Xu W,Holmes E C,Gao G F,Wu G,Chen W,Shi W,Tan W.Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus:implications for virus origins and receptor binding[J].Lancet,2020,395(10224):565-574.
[12]Wu F,Zhao S,Yu B,Chen Y M,Wang W,Song ZG,Hu Y,Tao Z W,Tian J H,Pei Y Y,Yuan M L,Zhang Y L,Dai F H,Liu Y,Wang Q M,Zheng J J,Xu L,Holmes E C,Zhang Y Z.A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China[J].Nature,2020,579(7798):265-269.
[13]Wu A,Peng Y,Huang B,Ding X,Wang X,Niu P,Meng J,Zhu Z,Zhang Z,Wang J,Sheng J,Quan L,Xia Z,Tan W,Cheng G,Jiang T.Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus(2019-n Co V)originating in China[J].Cell Host Microbe,2020,27(3):325-328.
[14]Zhu N,Zhang D,Wang W,Li X,Yang B,Song J,Zhao X,Huang B,Shi W,Lu R,Niu P,Zhan F,Ma X,Wang D,Xu W,Wu G,Gao G F,Tan W,China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Reserch Team.Anovel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China,2019[J].N Engl J Med,2020,382(8):727-733.
[15]Gallagher T M,Buchmeier M J.Coronavirus spike proteins in viral entry and pathogenesis[J].Virology,2001,279(2):371-374.
[16]Neuman B W,Kiss G,Kunding A H,Bhella D,Baksh M F,Connelly S,Droese B,Klaus J P,Makino S,Sawicki S G,Siddell S G,Stamou D G,Wilson I A,Kuhn P,Buchmeier M J.A structural analysis of Mprotein in coronavirus assembly and morphology[J].JStruct Biol,2011,174(1):11-22.
[17]De Diego M L,Alvarez E,Almazan F,Rejas M T,Lamirande E,Roberts A,Shieh W J,Zaki S R,Subbarao K,Enjuanes L.A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus that lacks the E gene is attenuated in vitro and in vivo[J].J Virol,2007,81(4):1701-1713.
[18]Fehr A R,Perlman S.Coronaviruses:an overview of their replication and pathogenesis[J].Methods Mol Biol,2015,1282:1-23.
[19]Cui L,Wang H,Ji Y,Yang J,Xu S,Huang X,Wang Z,Qin L,Tien P,Zhou X,Guo D,Chen Y.The nucleocapsid protein of coronaviruses acts as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing in mammalian cells[J].JVirol,2015,89(17):9029-9043.
[20]Snijder E J,Bredenbeek P J,Dobbe J C,Thiel V,Ziebuhr J,Poon L L,Guan Y,Rozanov M,Spaan WJ,Gorbalenya A E.Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus,an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage[J].J Mol Biol,2003,331(5):991-1004.
[21]Smith E C,Blanc H,Surdel M C,Vignuzzi M,Denison M R.Coronaviruses lacking exoribonuclease activity are susceptible to lethal mutagenesis:evidence for proofreading and potential therapeutics[J/OL].PLo S Pathog,2013,9(8):e1003565.
[22]WHO.Coronavirus disease(COVID-2019)situation reports[DB/OL].Available from:https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/
[23]de Wit E,van Doremalen N,Falzarano D,Munster VJ.SARS and MERS:recent insights into emerging coronaviruses[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2016,14(8):523-534.
[24]Wu Y C,Chen C S,Chan Y J.The outbreak of COVID-19:An overview[J].J Chin Med Assoc,2020,83(3):217-220.
[25]Huang C,Wang Y,Li X,Ren L,Zhao J,Hu Y,Zhang L,Fan G,Xu J,Gu X,Cheng Z,Yu T,Xia J,Wei Y,Wu W,Xie X,Yin W,Li H,Liu M,Xiao Y,Gao H,Guo L,Xie J,Wang G,Jiang R,Gao Z,Jin Q,Wang J,Cao B.Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan,China[J].Lancet,2020,395(10223):497-506.
[26]Yu W B,Tang G D,Zhang L,Corlett R.Decoding evolution and transmissions of novel pneumonia coronavirus(SARS-Co V-2/HCo V-19)using the whole genomic data[J].Zool Res,2020,41(3):247-257.
[27]Chan J F,Yuan S,Kok K H,To K K,Chu H,Yang J,Xing F,Liu J,Yip C C,Poon R W,Tsoi H W,Lo S K,Chan K H,Poon V K,Chan W M,Ip J D,Cai JP,Cheng V C,Chen H,Hui C K,Yuen K Y.Afamilial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission:a study of a family cluster[J].Lancet,2020,395(10223):514-523.
[28]WHO.Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations(2005)Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus(2019-n Co V).2020 Mar 14 2020[DB/OL].Available from:https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/23-01-2020-statement-on-the-meeting-of-the-international-healthregulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-theoutbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
[29]Riou J,Althaus C L.Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-n Co V),December 2019 to January 2020[J].Euro Surveill,2020,25(4).
[30]Shen M,Peng Z,Xiao Y,Zhang L.Modelling the epidemic trend of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China[J].bio Rxiv,2020.2000058
[31]Zhao S,Lin Q,Ran J,Musa S S,Yang G,Wang W,Lou Y,Gao D,Yang L,He D,Wang M H.Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus(2019-n Co V)in China,from 2019to 2020:A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak[J].Int J Infect Dis,2020,92:214-217.
[32]Wu J T,Leung K,Leung G M.Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-n Co V outbreak originating in Wuhan,China:a modelling study[J].Lancet,2020,395(10225):689-697.
[33]Lipsitch M,Cohen T,Cooper B,Robins J M,Ma S,James L,Gopalakrishna G,Chew S K,Tan C C,Samore M H,Fisman D,Murray M.Transmission dynamics and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome[J].Science,2003,300(5627):1966-1970.
[34]Zou L,Ruan F,Huang M,Liang L,Huang H,Hong Z,Yu J,Kang M,Song Y,Xia J,Guo Q,Song T,He J,Yen H L,Peiris M,Wu J.SARS-Co V-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients[J].N Engl J Med,2020,382(12):1177-1179.
[35]Wang D,Hu B,Hu C,Zhu F,Liu X,Zhang J,Wang B,Xiang H,Cheng Z,Xiong Y,Zhao Y,Li Y,Wang X,Peng Z.Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan,China[J].JAMA,2020,323(11):1061-1069.
[36]Wang G,Jin X.The progress of 2019 novel coronavirus event in China[J].J Med Virol,2020,92(5):468-472.
[37]国家卫生健康委员会.新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第七版)[DB/OL].2020 3月12日.Available from:http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653p/202003/46c9294a7dfe4cef80dc7f5912eb1989.shtml
[38]Lu C W,Liu X F,Jia Z F.2019-n Co V transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored[J/OL].Lancet,2020,395(10224):e39.
[39]Chen H,Guo J,Wang C,Luo F,Yu X,Zhang W,Li J,Zhao D,Xu D,Gong Q,Liao J,Yang H,Hou W,Zhang Y.Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women:a retrospective review of medical records[J].Lancet,2020,395(10226):809-815.
[40]Ling Y,Xu S B,Lin Y X,Tian D,Zhu Z Q,Dai F H,Wu F,Song Z G,Huang W,Chen J,Hu B J,Wang S,Mao E Q,Zhu L,Zhang W H,Lu H Z.Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients[J].Chin Med J(Engl),2020,133(9):1039-1043.
[41]疾病预防控制局.中国-世界卫生组织新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)联合考察报告[DB/OL].Available from:http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3578/202002/87fd92510d094e4b9bad597608f5cc2c.shtml
[42]Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases(COVID-19)in China[J].Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi,2020,41(2):145-151.
[43]Liang W,Guan W,Chen R,Wang W,Li J,Xu K,Li C,Ai Q,Lu W,Liang H,Li S,He J.Cancer patients in SARS-Co V-2 infection:a nationwide analysis in China[J].Lancet Oncol,2020,21(3):335-337.
[44]Cavanagh D.Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus[J].Vet Res,2007,38(2):281-297.
[45]Zhou P,Fan H,Lan T,Yang X L,Shi W F,Zhang W,Zhu Y,Zhang Y W,Xie Q M,Mani S,Zheng XS,Li B,Li J M,Guo H,Pei G Q,An X P,Chen JW,Zhou L,Mai K J,Wu Z X,Li D,Anderson D E,Zhang L B,Li S Y,Mi Z Q,He T T,Cong F,Guo PJ,Huang R,Luo Y,Liu X L,Chen J,Huang Y,Sun Q,Zhang X L,Wang Y Y,Xing S Z,Chen Y S,Sun Y,Li J,Daszak P,Wang L F,Shi Z L,Tong Y G,Ma J Y.Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin[J].Nature,2018,556(7700):255-258.
[46]Drexler J F,Corman V M,Drosten C.Ecology,evolution and classification of bat coronaviruses in the aftermath of SARS[J].Antiviral Res,2014,101:45-56.
[47]Zhou P,Yang X L,Wang X G,Hu B,Zhang L,Zhang W,Si H R,Zhu Y,Li B,Huang C L,Chen HD,Chen J,Luo Y,Guo H,Jiang R D,Liu M Q,Chen Y,Shen X R,Wang X,Zheng X S,Zhao K,Chen QJ,Deng F,Liu L L,Yan B,Zhan F X,Wang Y Y,Xiao G F,Shi Z L.A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin[J].Nature,2020,579(7798):270-273.
[48]Lam T T Y,Shum M H H,Zhu H C,Tong Y G,Ni X B,Liao Y S,Wei W,Cheung W Y M,Li W J,Li LF.Identification of 2019-n Co V related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China[J/OL].bio Rxiv,2020.
[49]Liu P,Chen W,Chen J P.Viral metagenomics revealed Sendai virus and coronavirus infection of Malayan Pangolins(Manis javanica)[J].Viruses,2019,11(11):979.
[50]Zhang T,Wu Q,Zhang Z.Probable pangolin origin of SARS-Co V-2 associated with the COVID-19 outbreak[J/OL].Curr Biol,2020,30(7):1346-1351 e1342.
[51]Liu Z,Xiao X,Wei X,Li J,Yang J,Tan H,Zhu J,Zhang Q,Wu J,Liu L.Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-Co V-2[J].J Med Virol,2020,92(6):595-601.
[52]Tang X,Wu C,Li X,Song Y,Yao X,Wu X,Duan Y,Zhang H,Wang Y,Qian Z,Cui J,Lu J.On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-Co V-2[J].Natl Sci Rev,2020,7(6):1012-1023.
[53]Channappanavar R,Perlman S.Pathogenic human coronavirus infections:causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology[J].Semin Immunopathol,2017,39(5):529-539.
[54]Walls A C,Park Y J,Tortorici M A,Wall A,Mc Guire A T,Veesler D.Structure,function,and antigenicity of the SARS-Co V-2 spike glycoprotein[J/OL].Cell,2020,181(2):281-292 e286.
[55]Kuba K,Imai Y,Rao S,Gao H,Guo F,Guan B,Huan Y,Yang P,Zhang Y,Deng W,Bao L,Zhang B,Liu G,Wang Z,Chappell M,Liu Y,Zheng D,Leibbrandt A,Wada T,Slutsky A S,Liu D,Qin C,Jiang C,Penninger J M.A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)in SARS coronavirusinduced lung injury[J].Nat Med,2005,11(8):875-879.
[56]Raj V S,Mou H,Smits S L,Dekkers D H,Muller MA,Dijkman R,Muth D,Demmers J A,Zaki A,Fouchier R A,Thiel V,Drosten C,Rottier P J,Osterhaus A D,Bosch B J,Haagmans B L.Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC[J].Nature,2013,495(7440):251-254.
[57]Xu X,Chen P,Wang J,Feng J,Zhou H,Li X,Zhong W,Hao P.Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission[J].Sci China Life Sci,2020,63(3):457-460.
[58]Wan Y,Shang J,Graham R,Baric R S,Li F.Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan:an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus[J/OL].J Virol,2020,94(7):e00127-20.
[59]Wrapp D,Wang N,Corbett K S,Goldsmith J A,Hsieh C L,Abiona O,Graham B S,Mc Lellan J S.Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-n Co V spike in the prefusion conformation[J].Science,2020,367(6483):1260-1263.
[60]李鑫,段广有,张伟,施劲松,陈嘉源,陈舜梅,高山,阮吉寿.2019冠状病毒S蛋白可能存在Furin蛋白酶切位点[J/OL].[China Xiv:202002.00004],2020.
[61]Wang K,Chen W,Zhou Y S,Lian J Q,Zhang Z,Du P,Gong L,Zhang Y,Cui H Y,Geng J J,Wang B,Sun X X,Wang C F,Yang X,Lin P,Deng Y Q,Wei D,Yang X M,Zhu Y M,Zhang K,Zheng Z H,Miao J L,Guo T,Shi Y,Zhang J,Fu L,Wang Q Y,Bian H,Zhu P,Chen Z N.SARS-Co V-2 invades host cells via a novel route:CD147-spike protein[J/OL].bio Rxiv,2020.doi:10.1101/2020.03.14.988345
[62]Zhou Y,Fu B,Zheng X,Wang D,Zhao C,Qi Y,Sun R,Tian Z,Xu X,Wei H.Pathogenic T-cells and inflammatory monocytes incite inflammatory storms in severe COVID-19 patients[J].Natl Sci Rev,2020,7(6):998-1002.
[63]刘茜,王荣帅,屈国强,王云云,刘盼,朱英芝,费耿,任亮,周亦武,刘良.新型冠状病毒肺炎死亡尸体系统解剖大体观察报告[J].法医学杂志,2020,36(1):19-21.
[64]国务院应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情联防联控机制.关于依法科学精准做好新冠肺炎疫情防控工作的通知.2020 3月12日[DB/OL].Available from:http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/25/content_5483024.htm
[65]陈伟,王晴,李媛秋,俞海亮,夏愔愔,张慕丽,秦颖,张婷,彭质斌,张若尘,杨孝坤,殷文武,安志杰,吴丹,尹遵栋,黎舒,陈秋兰,冯录召,李中杰,冯子健.我国新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情早期围堵策略概述[J].中华预防医学杂志,2020(3):239-244.
[66]Lu H.Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus(2019-n Co V)[J].Biosci Trends,2020,14(1):69-71.
[67]Delang L,Abdelnabi R,Neyts J.Favipiravir as a potential countermeasure against neglected and emerging RNA viruses[J].Antiviral Res,2018,153:85-94.
[68]Dong L,Hu S,Gao J.Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)[J].Drug Discov Ther,2020,14(1):58-60.
[69]Cai Q,Yang M,Liu D,Chen J,Shu D,Xia J,Liao X,Gu Y,Cai Q,Yang Y,Shen C,Li X,Peng L,Huang D,Zhang J,Zhang S,Wang F,Liu J,Chen L,Chen S,Wang Z,Zhang Z,Cao R,Zhong W,Liu Y,Liu L.Experimental treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19:An open-label control study[J/OL].Engineering(Beijing),2020.DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.007
[70]Agostini M L,Andres E L,Sims A C,Graham R L,Sheahan T P,Lu X,Smith E C,Case J B,Feng J Y,Jordan R,Ray A S,Cihlar T,Siegel D,Mackman RL,Clarke M O,Baric R S,Denison M R.Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral Remdesivir(GS-5734)is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease[J/OL].m Bio,2018,9(2):e00221-18.
[71]Wang M,Cao R,Zhang L,Yang X,Liu J,Xu M,Shi Z,Hu Z,Zhong W,Xiao G.Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus(2019-n Co V)in vitro[J].Cell Res,2020,30(3):269-271.
[72]Williamson B N,Feldmann F,Schwarz B,MeadeWhite K,Porter D P,Schulz J,Doremalen N V,Leighton I,Yinda C K,Pérez-Pérez L,Okumura A,Lovaglio J,Hanley P W,Saturday G,Bosio C M,Anzick S,Barbian K,Cihlar T,Martens C,Scott D P,Munster V J,Wit E D.Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-Co V-2[J/OL].bio Rxiv,2020:2020.2004.2015.043166.
[73]Grein J,Ohmagari N,Shin D,Diaz G,Asperges E,Castagna A,Feldt T,Green G,Green M L,Lescure FX,Nicastri E,Oda R,Yo K,Quiros-Roldan E,Studemeister A,Redinski J,Ahmed S,Bernett J,Chelliah D,Chen D,Chihara S,Cohen S H,Cunningham J,D'Arminio Monforte A,Ismail S,Kato H,Lapadula G,L'Her E,Maeno T,Majumder S,Massari M,Mora-Rillo M,Mutoh Y,Nguyen D,Verweij E,Zoufaly A,Osinusi A O,De Zure A,Zhao Y,Zhong L,Chokkalingam A,Elboudwarej E,Telep L,Timbs L,Henne I,Sellers S,Cao H,Tan S K,Winterbourne L,Desai P,Mera R,Gaggar A,Myers R P,Brainard D M,Childs R,Flanigan T.Compassionate use of Remdesivir for patients with severe COVID-19[J].N Engl J Med,2020,382(24):2327-2336
[74]广东省科技厅及广东省卫生健康委磷酸氯喹治疗新冠状病毒肺炎多中心协作组.磷酸氯喹治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的专家共识[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2020,43(2020-02-20).
[2]WHO.MERS situation update,January 2020.2020cited Mar 12 2020[DB/OL].Available from:http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/merscov/mers-situation-update-january-2020.html
[3]Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of V.The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus:classifying 2019-n Co V and naming it SARS-Co V-2[J].Nat Microbiol,2020,5(4):536-544.
[4]WHO.Updated WHO recommendations for international traffic in relation to COVID-19 outbreak[DB/OL].Available from:https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/updated-whorecommendations-for-international-traffic-in-relation-tocovid-19-outbreak
[5]WHO.WHO characterizes COVID-19 as a pandemic[DB/OL].Available from:https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/eventsas-they-happen
[6]Su S,Wong G,Shi W,Liu J,Lai A C K,Zhou J,Liu W,Bi Y,Gao G F.Epidemiology,genetic recombination,and pathogenesis of coronaviruses[J].Trends Microbiol,2016,24(6):490-502.
[7]Gorbalenya A E,Enjuanes L,Ziebuhr J,Snijder E J.Nidovirales:evolving the largest RNA virus genome[J].Virus Res,2006,117(1):17-37.
[8]ICTV.Taxonomic[DB/OL].2020 11 Mar 2020;Available from:https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/
[9]Cui J,Li F,Shi Z L.Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2019,17(3):181-192.
[10]Zumla A,Chan J F,Azhar E I,Hui D S,Yuen K Y.Coronaviruses-drug discovery and therapeutic options[J].Nat Rev Drug Discov,2016,15(5):327-347.
[11]Lu R,Zhao X,Li J,Niu P,Yang B,Wu H,Wang W,Song H,Huang B,Zhu N,Bi Y,Ma X,Zhan F,Wang L,Hu T,Zhou H,Hu Z,Zhou W,Zhao L,Chen J,Meng Y,Wang J,Lin Y,Yuan J,Xie Z,Ma J,Liu W J,Wang D,Xu W,Holmes E C,Gao G F,Wu G,Chen W,Shi W,Tan W.Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus:implications for virus origins and receptor binding[J].Lancet,2020,395(10224):565-574.
[12]Wu F,Zhao S,Yu B,Chen Y M,Wang W,Song ZG,Hu Y,Tao Z W,Tian J H,Pei Y Y,Yuan M L,Zhang Y L,Dai F H,Liu Y,Wang Q M,Zheng J J,Xu L,Holmes E C,Zhang Y Z.A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China[J].Nature,2020,579(7798):265-269.
[13]Wu A,Peng Y,Huang B,Ding X,Wang X,Niu P,Meng J,Zhu Z,Zhang Z,Wang J,Sheng J,Quan L,Xia Z,Tan W,Cheng G,Jiang T.Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus(2019-n Co V)originating in China[J].Cell Host Microbe,2020,27(3):325-328.
[14]Zhu N,Zhang D,Wang W,Li X,Yang B,Song J,Zhao X,Huang B,Shi W,Lu R,Niu P,Zhan F,Ma X,Wang D,Xu W,Wu G,Gao G F,Tan W,China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Reserch Team.Anovel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China,2019[J].N Engl J Med,2020,382(8):727-733.
[15]Gallagher T M,Buchmeier M J.Coronavirus spike proteins in viral entry and pathogenesis[J].Virology,2001,279(2):371-374.
[16]Neuman B W,Kiss G,Kunding A H,Bhella D,Baksh M F,Connelly S,Droese B,Klaus J P,Makino S,Sawicki S G,Siddell S G,Stamou D G,Wilson I A,Kuhn P,Buchmeier M J.A structural analysis of Mprotein in coronavirus assembly and morphology[J].JStruct Biol,2011,174(1):11-22.
[17]De Diego M L,Alvarez E,Almazan F,Rejas M T,Lamirande E,Roberts A,Shieh W J,Zaki S R,Subbarao K,Enjuanes L.A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus that lacks the E gene is attenuated in vitro and in vivo[J].J Virol,2007,81(4):1701-1713.
[18]Fehr A R,Perlman S.Coronaviruses:an overview of their replication and pathogenesis[J].Methods Mol Biol,2015,1282:1-23.
[19]Cui L,Wang H,Ji Y,Yang J,Xu S,Huang X,Wang Z,Qin L,Tien P,Zhou X,Guo D,Chen Y.The nucleocapsid protein of coronaviruses acts as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing in mammalian cells[J].JVirol,2015,89(17):9029-9043.
[20]Snijder E J,Bredenbeek P J,Dobbe J C,Thiel V,Ziebuhr J,Poon L L,Guan Y,Rozanov M,Spaan WJ,Gorbalenya A E.Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus,an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage[J].J Mol Biol,2003,331(5):991-1004.
[21]Smith E C,Blanc H,Surdel M C,Vignuzzi M,Denison M R.Coronaviruses lacking exoribonuclease activity are susceptible to lethal mutagenesis:evidence for proofreading and potential therapeutics[J/OL].PLo S Pathog,2013,9(8):e1003565.
[22]WHO.Coronavirus disease(COVID-2019)situation reports[DB/OL].Available from:https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/
[23]de Wit E,van Doremalen N,Falzarano D,Munster VJ.SARS and MERS:recent insights into emerging coronaviruses[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2016,14(8):523-534.
[24]Wu Y C,Chen C S,Chan Y J.The outbreak of COVID-19:An overview[J].J Chin Med Assoc,2020,83(3):217-220.
[25]Huang C,Wang Y,Li X,Ren L,Zhao J,Hu Y,Zhang L,Fan G,Xu J,Gu X,Cheng Z,Yu T,Xia J,Wei Y,Wu W,Xie X,Yin W,Li H,Liu M,Xiao Y,Gao H,Guo L,Xie J,Wang G,Jiang R,Gao Z,Jin Q,Wang J,Cao B.Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan,China[J].Lancet,2020,395(10223):497-506.
[26]Yu W B,Tang G D,Zhang L,Corlett R.Decoding evolution and transmissions of novel pneumonia coronavirus(SARS-Co V-2/HCo V-19)using the whole genomic data[J].Zool Res,2020,41(3):247-257.
[27]Chan J F,Yuan S,Kok K H,To K K,Chu H,Yang J,Xing F,Liu J,Yip C C,Poon R W,Tsoi H W,Lo S K,Chan K H,Poon V K,Chan W M,Ip J D,Cai JP,Cheng V C,Chen H,Hui C K,Yuen K Y.Afamilial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission:a study of a family cluster[J].Lancet,2020,395(10223):514-523.
[28]WHO.Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations(2005)Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus(2019-n Co V).2020 Mar 14 2020[DB/OL].Available from:https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/23-01-2020-statement-on-the-meeting-of-the-international-healthregulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-theoutbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
[29]Riou J,Althaus C L.Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-n Co V),December 2019 to January 2020[J].Euro Surveill,2020,25(4).
[30]Shen M,Peng Z,Xiao Y,Zhang L.Modelling the epidemic trend of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China[J].bio Rxiv,2020.2000058
[31]Zhao S,Lin Q,Ran J,Musa S S,Yang G,Wang W,Lou Y,Gao D,Yang L,He D,Wang M H.Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus(2019-n Co V)in China,from 2019to 2020:A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak[J].Int J Infect Dis,2020,92:214-217.
[32]Wu J T,Leung K,Leung G M.Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-n Co V outbreak originating in Wuhan,China:a modelling study[J].Lancet,2020,395(10225):689-697.
[33]Lipsitch M,Cohen T,Cooper B,Robins J M,Ma S,James L,Gopalakrishna G,Chew S K,Tan C C,Samore M H,Fisman D,Murray M.Transmission dynamics and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome[J].Science,2003,300(5627):1966-1970.
[34]Zou L,Ruan F,Huang M,Liang L,Huang H,Hong Z,Yu J,Kang M,Song Y,Xia J,Guo Q,Song T,He J,Yen H L,Peiris M,Wu J.SARS-Co V-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients[J].N Engl J Med,2020,382(12):1177-1179.
[35]Wang D,Hu B,Hu C,Zhu F,Liu X,Zhang J,Wang B,Xiang H,Cheng Z,Xiong Y,Zhao Y,Li Y,Wang X,Peng Z.Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan,China[J].JAMA,2020,323(11):1061-1069.
[36]Wang G,Jin X.The progress of 2019 novel coronavirus event in China[J].J Med Virol,2020,92(5):468-472.
[37]国家卫生健康委员会.新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第七版)[DB/OL].2020 3月12日.Available from:http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653p/202003/46c9294a7dfe4cef80dc7f5912eb1989.shtml
[38]Lu C W,Liu X F,Jia Z F.2019-n Co V transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored[J/OL].Lancet,2020,395(10224):e39.
[39]Chen H,Guo J,Wang C,Luo F,Yu X,Zhang W,Li J,Zhao D,Xu D,Gong Q,Liao J,Yang H,Hou W,Zhang Y.Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women:a retrospective review of medical records[J].Lancet,2020,395(10226):809-815.
[40]Ling Y,Xu S B,Lin Y X,Tian D,Zhu Z Q,Dai F H,Wu F,Song Z G,Huang W,Chen J,Hu B J,Wang S,Mao E Q,Zhu L,Zhang W H,Lu H Z.Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients[J].Chin Med J(Engl),2020,133(9):1039-1043.
[41]疾病预防控制局.中国-世界卫生组织新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)联合考察报告[DB/OL].Available from:http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3578/202002/87fd92510d094e4b9bad597608f5cc2c.shtml
[42]Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases(COVID-19)in China[J].Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi,2020,41(2):145-151.
[43]Liang W,Guan W,Chen R,Wang W,Li J,Xu K,Li C,Ai Q,Lu W,Liang H,Li S,He J.Cancer patients in SARS-Co V-2 infection:a nationwide analysis in China[J].Lancet Oncol,2020,21(3):335-337.
[44]Cavanagh D.Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus[J].Vet Res,2007,38(2):281-297.
[45]Zhou P,Fan H,Lan T,Yang X L,Shi W F,Zhang W,Zhu Y,Zhang Y W,Xie Q M,Mani S,Zheng XS,Li B,Li J M,Guo H,Pei G Q,An X P,Chen JW,Zhou L,Mai K J,Wu Z X,Li D,Anderson D E,Zhang L B,Li S Y,Mi Z Q,He T T,Cong F,Guo PJ,Huang R,Luo Y,Liu X L,Chen J,Huang Y,Sun Q,Zhang X L,Wang Y Y,Xing S Z,Chen Y S,Sun Y,Li J,Daszak P,Wang L F,Shi Z L,Tong Y G,Ma J Y.Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin[J].Nature,2018,556(7700):255-258.
[46]Drexler J F,Corman V M,Drosten C.Ecology,evolution and classification of bat coronaviruses in the aftermath of SARS[J].Antiviral Res,2014,101:45-56.
[47]Zhou P,Yang X L,Wang X G,Hu B,Zhang L,Zhang W,Si H R,Zhu Y,Li B,Huang C L,Chen HD,Chen J,Luo Y,Guo H,Jiang R D,Liu M Q,Chen Y,Shen X R,Wang X,Zheng X S,Zhao K,Chen QJ,Deng F,Liu L L,Yan B,Zhan F X,Wang Y Y,Xiao G F,Shi Z L.A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin[J].Nature,2020,579(7798):270-273.
[48]Lam T T Y,Shum M H H,Zhu H C,Tong Y G,Ni X B,Liao Y S,Wei W,Cheung W Y M,Li W J,Li LF.Identification of 2019-n Co V related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China[J/OL].bio Rxiv,2020.
[49]Liu P,Chen W,Chen J P.Viral metagenomics revealed Sendai virus and coronavirus infection of Malayan Pangolins(Manis javanica)[J].Viruses,2019,11(11):979.
[50]Zhang T,Wu Q,Zhang Z.Probable pangolin origin of SARS-Co V-2 associated with the COVID-19 outbreak[J/OL].Curr Biol,2020,30(7):1346-1351 e1342.
[51]Liu Z,Xiao X,Wei X,Li J,Yang J,Tan H,Zhu J,Zhang Q,Wu J,Liu L.Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-Co V-2[J].J Med Virol,2020,92(6):595-601.
[52]Tang X,Wu C,Li X,Song Y,Yao X,Wu X,Duan Y,Zhang H,Wang Y,Qian Z,Cui J,Lu J.On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-Co V-2[J].Natl Sci Rev,2020,7(6):1012-1023.
[53]Channappanavar R,Perlman S.Pathogenic human coronavirus infections:causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology[J].Semin Immunopathol,2017,39(5):529-539.
[54]Walls A C,Park Y J,Tortorici M A,Wall A,Mc Guire A T,Veesler D.Structure,function,and antigenicity of the SARS-Co V-2 spike glycoprotein[J/OL].Cell,2020,181(2):281-292 e286.
[55]Kuba K,Imai Y,Rao S,Gao H,Guo F,Guan B,Huan Y,Yang P,Zhang Y,Deng W,Bao L,Zhang B,Liu G,Wang Z,Chappell M,Liu Y,Zheng D,Leibbrandt A,Wada T,Slutsky A S,Liu D,Qin C,Jiang C,Penninger J M.A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)in SARS coronavirusinduced lung injury[J].Nat Med,2005,11(8):875-879.
[56]Raj V S,Mou H,Smits S L,Dekkers D H,Muller MA,Dijkman R,Muth D,Demmers J A,Zaki A,Fouchier R A,Thiel V,Drosten C,Rottier P J,Osterhaus A D,Bosch B J,Haagmans B L.Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC[J].Nature,2013,495(7440):251-254.
[57]Xu X,Chen P,Wang J,Feng J,Zhou H,Li X,Zhong W,Hao P.Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission[J].Sci China Life Sci,2020,63(3):457-460.
[58]Wan Y,Shang J,Graham R,Baric R S,Li F.Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan:an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus[J/OL].J Virol,2020,94(7):e00127-20.
[59]Wrapp D,Wang N,Corbett K S,Goldsmith J A,Hsieh C L,Abiona O,Graham B S,Mc Lellan J S.Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-n Co V spike in the prefusion conformation[J].Science,2020,367(6483):1260-1263.
[60]李鑫,段广有,张伟,施劲松,陈嘉源,陈舜梅,高山,阮吉寿.2019冠状病毒S蛋白可能存在Furin蛋白酶切位点[J/OL].[China Xiv:202002.00004],2020.
[61]Wang K,Chen W,Zhou Y S,Lian J Q,Zhang Z,Du P,Gong L,Zhang Y,Cui H Y,Geng J J,Wang B,Sun X X,Wang C F,Yang X,Lin P,Deng Y Q,Wei D,Yang X M,Zhu Y M,Zhang K,Zheng Z H,Miao J L,Guo T,Shi Y,Zhang J,Fu L,Wang Q Y,Bian H,Zhu P,Chen Z N.SARS-Co V-2 invades host cells via a novel route:CD147-spike protein[J/OL].bio Rxiv,2020.doi:10.1101/2020.03.14.988345
[62]Zhou Y,Fu B,Zheng X,Wang D,Zhao C,Qi Y,Sun R,Tian Z,Xu X,Wei H.Pathogenic T-cells and inflammatory monocytes incite inflammatory storms in severe COVID-19 patients[J].Natl Sci Rev,2020,7(6):998-1002.
[63]刘茜,王荣帅,屈国强,王云云,刘盼,朱英芝,费耿,任亮,周亦武,刘良.新型冠状病毒肺炎死亡尸体系统解剖大体观察报告[J].法医学杂志,2020,36(1):19-21.
[64]国务院应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情联防联控机制.关于依法科学精准做好新冠肺炎疫情防控工作的通知.2020 3月12日[DB/OL].Available from:http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/25/content_5483024.htm
[65]陈伟,王晴,李媛秋,俞海亮,夏愔愔,张慕丽,秦颖,张婷,彭质斌,张若尘,杨孝坤,殷文武,安志杰,吴丹,尹遵栋,黎舒,陈秋兰,冯录召,李中杰,冯子健.我国新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情早期围堵策略概述[J].中华预防医学杂志,2020(3):239-244.
[66]Lu H.Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus(2019-n Co V)[J].Biosci Trends,2020,14(1):69-71.
[67]Delang L,Abdelnabi R,Neyts J.Favipiravir as a potential countermeasure against neglected and emerging RNA viruses[J].Antiviral Res,2018,153:85-94.
[68]Dong L,Hu S,Gao J.Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)[J].Drug Discov Ther,2020,14(1):58-60.
[69]Cai Q,Yang M,Liu D,Chen J,Shu D,Xia J,Liao X,Gu Y,Cai Q,Yang Y,Shen C,Li X,Peng L,Huang D,Zhang J,Zhang S,Wang F,Liu J,Chen L,Chen S,Wang Z,Zhang Z,Cao R,Zhong W,Liu Y,Liu L.Experimental treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19:An open-label control study[J/OL].Engineering(Beijing),2020.DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.007
[70]Agostini M L,Andres E L,Sims A C,Graham R L,Sheahan T P,Lu X,Smith E C,Case J B,Feng J Y,Jordan R,Ray A S,Cihlar T,Siegel D,Mackman RL,Clarke M O,Baric R S,Denison M R.Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral Remdesivir(GS-5734)is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease[J/OL].m Bio,2018,9(2):e00221-18.
[71]Wang M,Cao R,Zhang L,Yang X,Liu J,Xu M,Shi Z,Hu Z,Zhong W,Xiao G.Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus(2019-n Co V)in vitro[J].Cell Res,2020,30(3):269-271.
[72]Williamson B N,Feldmann F,Schwarz B,MeadeWhite K,Porter D P,Schulz J,Doremalen N V,Leighton I,Yinda C K,Pérez-Pérez L,Okumura A,Lovaglio J,Hanley P W,Saturday G,Bosio C M,Anzick S,Barbian K,Cihlar T,Martens C,Scott D P,Munster V J,Wit E D.Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-Co V-2[J/OL].bio Rxiv,2020:2020.2004.2015.043166.
[73]Grein J,Ohmagari N,Shin D,Diaz G,Asperges E,Castagna A,Feldt T,Green G,Green M L,Lescure FX,Nicastri E,Oda R,Yo K,Quiros-Roldan E,Studemeister A,Redinski J,Ahmed S,Bernett J,Chelliah D,Chen D,Chihara S,Cohen S H,Cunningham J,D'Arminio Monforte A,Ismail S,Kato H,Lapadula G,L'Her E,Maeno T,Majumder S,Massari M,Mora-Rillo M,Mutoh Y,Nguyen D,Verweij E,Zoufaly A,Osinusi A O,De Zure A,Zhao Y,Zhong L,Chokkalingam A,Elboudwarej E,Telep L,Timbs L,Henne I,Sellers S,Cao H,Tan S K,Winterbourne L,Desai P,Mera R,Gaggar A,Myers R P,Brainard D M,Childs R,Flanigan T.Compassionate use of Remdesivir for patients with severe COVID-19[J].N Engl J Med,2020,382(24):2327-2336
[74]广东省科技厅及广东省卫生健康委磷酸氯喹治疗新冠状病毒肺炎多中心协作组.磷酸氯喹治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的专家共识[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2020,43(2020-02-20).
基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.003751
中图分类号:R181.3;R563.1
引用信息:
[1]张书晴,安树,黎孟枫等.COVID-19的流行及研究现状[J].病毒学报,2020,36(04):694-702.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.003751.
基金信息:
“艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治”国家科技重大专项(项目号:2017ZX10103011),题目:广东省传染病病原谱和流行规律研究
暂无数据