病毒学报

2025, 03, v.41 652-662

MPXV的流行动态、遗传演化分支及其公共卫生安全挑战

景伟^1,2,3 陈国华^1,2,3 房永祥^1,2,3 何小兵^1,2,3 景志忠^1,2,3

1.中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所动物疫病防控全国重点实验室 2.甘肃省病原生物学基础学科研究中心 3.农业农村部兽医公共卫生重点实验室

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然基金面上项目(项目号:32473069),题目:我国LSDV疫苗样重组流行毒株及其再重组与生物学特性研究; 国家动物疫情监测与防治专项(项目号:125161031),题目:牛结节性皮肤病疫情监测与防治~~

邮箱(Email): zhizhongj@163.com;

DOI: 10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.250024

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摘要：

猴痘（Monkeypox,Mpox）是由猴痘病毒（Mpox virus,MPXV）感染引起的一种以发热、皮疹和淋巴结肿大为特征的病毒性人兽共患病，近3年内两次被WHO认定为“全球关注的突发公共卫生事件”，分别由MPXV进化亚支Ⅱb和Ⅰb毒株谱系引起，并在世界范围内暴发流行，其中MPXV进化亚支Ⅱb毒株曾在我国输入性感染和本土隐秘性传播，波及全国至少25个省市区，目前MPXV进化亚支Ⅰb毒株也输入我国，并造成密切接触感染形成二代病例，这对我国公共卫生安全构成了巨大的威胁和挑战。该文通过对MPXV的流行动态以及不同遗传进化亚支毒株和生物学特性的介绍，探讨其从动物到人类适应后在人际间共流行的趋势和危害，为Mpox防控和公共卫生风险应对提供依据。

关键词： 猴痘病毒; 进化亚支; 流行态势; 公共卫生风险; 预防控制;

Abstract：

Monkeypox(Mpox) is a viral zoonotic disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus(MPXV), characterized by fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy. Over the past three years, it has twice beendeclared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC) by the World Health Organization(WHO), associated with global outbreaks driven by MPXV subclades Ⅱ b and Ⅰ b. MPXV subclade Ⅱ b hasbeen linked to both imported cases and undetected local transmission in China, affecting at least 25 provinces.More recently, subclade Ⅰ b has also been introduced into China, resulting in secondary cases through closecontact transmission. These events pose significant threats and challenges to national public health security. Thispaper reviews the epidemic dynamics of MPXV, the genetic evolution and biological characteristics of its majorsubclades, and the virus' s adaptation from animal to human hosts, which facilitates sustained human-to-humantransmission. The discussion provides insights into the growing public health risks and offers a scientific basis forMpox prevention, control, and emergency preparedness.

KeyWords： Monkeypox virus(MPXV); Subclade; Epidemic dynamics; Public health risk; Prevention and control;

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基本信息:

DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.250024

中图分类号:R181.3;R511

引用信息:

[1]景伟,陈国华,房永祥等.MPXV的流行动态、遗传演化分支及其公共卫生安全挑战[J].病毒学报,2025,41(03):652-662.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.250024.

基金信息:

国家自然基金面上项目(项目号:32473069),题目:我国LSDV疫苗样重组流行毒株及其再重组与生物学特性研究; 国家动物疫情监测与防治专项(项目号:125161031),题目:牛结节性皮肤病疫情监测与防治~~

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