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目的 评估江苏省野鸟源禽流感病毒A/wild waterbird/Jiangsu/50/2025(H7N3)的遗传进化和突变情况，了解其潜在风险。方法 采集2025年江苏省野鸟粪便标本，进行H7N3亚型禽流感病毒核酸检测，对阳性标本进行鸡胚病毒分离，对获得的分离株进行全基因组扩增、测序及分析。结果 分离株A/wild waterbird/Jiangsu/50/2025(H7N3)是一株重配病毒，HA和NA基因均属于欧亚谱系，内部基因来源较复杂。HA蛋白裂解位点为PEIPKGR↓GLF，符合低致病性禽流感病毒的特征。内部基因发生许多增强病毒株对小鼠或哺乳动物毒力或致病性的突变，如PB2基因的T63I和K251R突变，PB1基因的L13P和D622G突变，PA基因的H266R、N383D、N409S和S/A515T突变，NP基因的I353V突变，M1基因的N30D和T215A,NS1基因的P42S、I106M,R127N和V149A等。此外，PA基因的F277S、C278Q和L653P突变增加了病毒株对哺乳动物的宿主适应性。结论 此次发现的野鸟源A/wild waterbird/Jiangsu/50/2025(H7N3)毒株属于重配低致病性禽流感病毒，对哺乳动物有潜在的威胁，应加强H7N3亚型禽流感病毒的监测，密切关注其变异情况。
Abstract：Objective To assess the genetic evolution and mutation status of the avian influenza virus(AIV), A/wild waterbird/Jiangsu/50/2025(H7N3), from wild birds in Jiangsu and to understand its potential risks. Methods Avian fecal samples were collected from wild birds in Jiangsu in 2025, nucleic acid testing was performed for the H7N3 subtype AIV, chicken embryo virus was isolated from the positive samples, and the obtained isolates were subjected to whole-genome amplification, sequencing and analysis. Results The isolate, A/wild waterbird/Jiangsu/50/2025(H7N3), is a recombinant virus, with both HA and NA genes belonging to the Eurasian lineage, and the internal genes having a complex origin. The HA protein cleavage site is PEIPKGR ↓ GLF, consistent with the characteristics of low-pathogenic AIVs. The internal genes have undergone numerous mutations that enhance the virulence or pathogenicity of the virus strain in mice or mammals, such as T63I and K251R mutations in PB2 gene, L13P and D622G mutation in PB1 gene, H266R, N383D, N409S and S/A515T mutations in PA gene, I353V mutation in NP gene, N30D and T215A mutations in M1 gene, and P42S, I106M, R127N and V149A mutations in NS1 gene. Additionally, F277S, C278Q and L653P mutations in PA gene enhance the host adaptability of strain to mammals. Conclusion The wild bird-origin strain, A/wild waterbird/Jiangsu/50/2025(H7N3), discovered in this study belongs to a recombinant low-pathogenic AIV and poses a potential threat to mammals. Thus, the monitoring of H7N3 subtype AIVs should be strengthened, along with close attention to its mutation.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.260137
中图分类号:S852.65
引用信息:
[1]余慧燕,祁贤,朱立国,等.江苏省1株野鸟源H7N3亚型禽流感病毒的全基因组序列分析[J].病毒学报,2026,42(04):1350-1357.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.260137.
基金信息:
江苏省疾病预防控制局科技计划项目（项目号：JSJK2026M0008）,题目：基因组学和抗体组学预警急性呼吸道传染病应用研究~~
2026-04-15
2026
2026-06-03
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2026
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2026-07-13
2026-07-13
2026-07-13