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环状DNA作为生命遗传物质存在形式之一，在多种生命活动中发挥重要作用。部分病毒基因组DNA以环状形式存在，不仅可以作为承载遗传信息的病毒基因组通过滚环复制的方式进行复制，也可以作为附加体建立持久感染或者潜伏感染，还可以帮助逆转录病毒整合到染色体形成前病毒逃避细胞沉默机制。无论是人-病毒杂交形成的染色体外环状DNA，还是转座整合形成的转座子，都能通过特定癌基因产生高拷贝转录本，影响宿主的生物学功能。随着研究的不断深入，环状DNA更多的功能和生物学特性被挖掘，有助于乙肝病毒清除策略制定、逆转录病毒相关疫苗研制、或抑制肿瘤形成新靶点确定等多种医学问题的解决。
Abstract：Circular DNA, as one form of genetic materials of life, plays a vital role in various life activities.Some viral DNA genomes exist in a circular form, which not only carry genetic information as viral genome replicated through rolling circle replication, but also form episome in persistent or latent infections and form integrated pre-viruses to evade cell silencing mechanisms in retroviruses. Both extracellular DNA formed by hybridization of human and virus DNA and transposons formed by transposon can affect the biological functions of host by producing high copy transcripts of specific oncogenes. More research accumulated, more functions and biological characteristics of circular DNA have been excavated, which are helpful to solve many medical problems such as the establishment of hepatitis B virus elimination strategy, development of retrovirus related vaccines, or determination of new targets to inhibit tumor genesis.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.004410
中图分类号:R373
引用信息:
[1]张可祥,赵林清.病毒相关环状DNA研究进展[J].病毒学报,2023,39(06):1740-1746.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.004410.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目（项目号：82172277）,题目：人2型博卡病毒环状基因组的形成机制及其临床意义研究; 北京市高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目（学科带头人-02-20）~~
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