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以肠道病毒A71型（Enterovirus A71,EV-A71）、柯萨奇病毒B3(Coxasckievirus B3,CVB3)、诺如病毒（Norovirus,NV）及轮状病毒（Rotavirus,RV）为代表的无包膜RNA病毒，作为手足口病，病毒性胃肠炎等全球流行性传染病的病原体，其感染过程始于病毒衣壳蛋白识别、结合宿主细胞表面受体并穿透宿主细胞膜。由于缺乏脂质双层包膜，内吞作用不足以介导其感染，病毒需直接穿透宿主内膜。病毒入侵机制与细胞嗜性、宿主范围、免疫相互作用及致病机制密切相关。本文综述了EV-A71、CVB3、NV及RV等四种非包膜RNA病毒的入侵机制，强调病毒与宿主细胞通过附着因子和受体结合，诱导病毒衣壳蛋白构象变化，从而释放病毒RNA，完成感染。随着对病毒生命周期理解的加深，抗病毒药物研发加速，众多抗病毒化合物正处于开发中。同时，已有针对部分病毒的疫苗问世，未来随着病毒-宿主相互作用机理的阐明将为疫苗研发不断提供新策略。
Abstract：Non-enveloped RNA viruses, exemplified by enterovirus A71(EV-A71), coxsackievirus B3(CVB3), norovirus(NV),and rotavirus(RV), are major pathogens causing globally prevalent infectious diseases such as hand, foot, and mouth disease and viral gastroenteritis. Their infection process begins with viral capsid proteins recognizing and binding to receptors on the host cell surface, followed by penetration of the host cell membrane. Owing to the absence of a lipid bilayer envelope, endocytosis alone is insufficient to mediate viral entry, and direct membrane penetration is required. The mechanisms of viral entry are intimately associated with viral tropism, host range, immune interactions, and pathogenesis. This review summarizes the invasion strategies of EV-A71, CVB3, NV, and RV, highlighting how attachment factors and receptors mediate virus – host interactions, induce conformational rearrangements of viral capsid proteins, and facilitate RNA release into the cytoplasm to establish infection. With the growing understanding of viral life cycles, antiviral drug development has accelerated, and multiple candidate compounds are under investigation. In parallel,vaccines targeting some of these viruses have already been developed. Continued elucidation of virushost interaction mechanisms will provide important insights for designing next-generation vaccines.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.250163
中图分类号:R373
引用信息:
[1]罗茜茜,魏艳红,黄慧中,等.无包膜RNA病毒入侵宿主细胞的机制及相关药物和疫苗研究进展[J].病毒学报,2026,42(01):314-326.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.250163.
基金信息:
湖北省重点研发计划项目（社会发展领域）（项目号：2022BCA018）,题目：多能干细胞来源胰岛定向分化技术体系~~
2025-10-23
2025-10-23
2025-10-23