病毒学报

探讨2016年12月深圳市光明新区某小学一起急性呼吸道病毒感染暴发疫情的流行病学及病原学特点。采用相应的流行病学个案调查表对疫情进行现场调查,采集患者咽拭子标本,使用实时荧光定量PCR方法对标本进行流感样病例筛查,筛查后的阴性标本进行呼吸道病毒核酸检测,用腺病毒六邻体蛋白基因作为靶基因对腺病毒初筛阳性标本进行扩增并测序,测序结果在GenBank上进行序列比较后使用BLAST和MEGA 5.0软件进行分析。该起疫情首例病例发病时间为2016年12月2日,末例病例发病时间为2016年12月17日,共发病34例,期间出现3次发病高峰,患者均为学生,其中男女生各17例,男女比例1∶1。患者体温均<39℃,大部分有头晕、头痛症状,少数伴有咽痛、咳嗽症状。发病的四个班级间的罹患率差异有统计学意义。共采集8份咽拭子标本,经实时荧光定量PCR检测均为腺病毒阳性,其中1份合并鼻病毒阳性。8份标本用分型引物检测并分析序列确定均为腺病毒E亚属4型。此次急性呼吸道感染暴发疫情为连锁式传播,由腺病毒4型引起,毒株序列与深圳、国内其他城市分离的腺病毒4型毒株序列具有高度同源性,提示该毒株可用于疫苗株筛选。早期发现可疑病例并采取隔离措施是预防腺病毒感染暴发的最佳手段。

We wished to describe the epidemiologic characteristics and pathogenesis of an acute infection of the respiratory tract in children at a primary school occurred in in Guangming(Shenzhen,China)December2016.An epidemiology questionnaire was used to investigate the cause of this outbreak.Throat-swab samples were collected and screened for influenza viruses by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(qPCR).Negative samples were tested for other respiratory viruses.The hexon gene sequences of the human adenovirus(ADV)of positive samples were compared with sequences in Genbank by BLAST and MEGA v5.0 to confirm their subtype and analyze phyletic evolution.The first case of this outbreak was on 2 December and the last case was found on 17 December 2016.There were 34 cases whom were first-year students,and the sex ratio of the gender was 1∶1.Most of the cases had a fever below 39℃,felt dizzy and had a headache,and only a few got sore throat and cough.Eight throat swab samples were positive for ADV according to qPCR detection,and one of them was also positive for rhinovirus.Positive samples were confirmed to be HAdV-4 of subgroup E according to sequencing analyses.This outbreak was a chain transmission and was caused by human ADV type 4,the sequences of which have high homology with those from Shenzhen and other cities in China.Early detection and patients isolation was the best measures to prevent ADVbased diseases.