2024 04 v.40 671-678
中国大陆乙脑病原学研究的历史与现状
基金项目(Foundation):
国家重点研发计划资助（项目号：2022YFC2305304）,题目：急性自然疫源性传染病病原体基因组和关键甄别位点参比数据库的建立;;
国家自然科学基金重大项目（项目号：81290342）,题目：蚊虫携带人类病原体的发现与分离鉴定,分布特点,遗传进化规律及其与人类病毒的关系~~
邮箱(Email):
gdliang@hot-mail.com;
DOI:
10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.004530
中文作者单位:
中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所,传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室;
摘要(Abstract):
乙脑病毒为黄病毒科病毒，通过蚊虫叮咬而感染人畜动物，引起巨大公共卫生负担。我国自20世纪40年代即分离到乙脑病毒，此后在病毒分离、传播媒介、疫苗研发等方面开展大量研究，取得极大进展。本文在回顾我国乙脑病毒研究历史和研究现状基础上提出我国乙脑病毒研究存在的问题以及今后的研究内容等，以推动我国乙脑病毒研究进一步发展。
关键词(KeyWords):
乙脑病毒;;乙脑;;蚊虫;;乙脑疫苗;;病毒感染机理
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参考文献
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[22]Wang L, Fu S, Zhang H, et al. Identification and isolation of Genotype-I Japanese encephalitis virus from encephalitis patients[J]. Virol J, 2010, 7:345. DOI:10. 1186/1743-422x-7-345.
[23]Liu W, Fu S, Ma X, et al. An outbreak of Japanese encephalitis caused by genotype Ib Japanese encephalitis virus in China, 2018:a laboratory and field investigation[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2020, 14(5):e0008312. DOI:10. 1371/journal. pntd. 0008312.
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[25]Wang X, Wang G, Yang H, et al. A mouse model of peripheral nerve injury induced by Japanese encephalitis virus[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2022, 16(11):e0010961. DOI:10. 1371/journal. pntd. 0010961.
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[27]Halstead SB, Jacobson J. Japanese encephalitis vaccines[M]//Vaccines. Amsterdam:Elsevier, 2008:311-352. DOI:10. 1016/b978-1-4160-3611-1. 50021-0.
[28]Gao X, Li X, Li M, et al. Vaccine strategies for the control and prevention of Japanese encephalitis in China's mainland, 1951-2011[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2014, 8(8):e3015. DOI:10. 1371/journal.pntd. 0003015.
[29]Li X, Gao X, Ren Z, et al. A spatial and temporal analysis of Japanese encephalitis in China's mainland,1963-1975:a period without Japanese encephalitis vaccination[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(6):e99183.DOI:10. 1371/journal. pone. 0099183.
[30]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制处. 2022年12月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态简介[J].疾病监测，2023, 38(1):1. DOI:10. 3784/jbjc. 202301180572.
[31]Li W, Feng Y, Zhong H, et al. Incongruence between confirmed and suspected clinical cases of Japanese encephalitis virus infection[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2024, 14:1302314. DOI:10. 3389/fcimb. 2024. 1302314.
[32]Zhang W, Yin Q, Wang H, et al. The reemerging and outbreak of genotypes 4 and 5 of Japanese encephalitis virus[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2023, 13:1292693. DOI:10. 3389/fcimb. 2023. 1292693.
[33]Woo JH, Jeong YE, Jo JE, et al. Genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype 5isolated from patient, South Korea, 2015[J]. Emerg Infect Dis, 2020, 26(5):1002-1006. DOI:10. 3201/eid2605. 190977.
[34]Lee AR, Song JM, Seo SU. Emerging Japanese encephalitis virus genotype V in republic of Korea[J]. J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2022, 32(8):955-959. DOI:10. 4014/jmb. 2207. 07002.
[35]Fan YC, Chen JM, Chiu HC, et al. Partially neutralizing potency against emerging genotype I virus among children received formalin-inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2012, 6(9):e1834. DOI:10. 1371/journal.pntd. 0001834.
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[44]Sasaki T, Kuwata R, Hoshino K, et al. Argonaute 2suppresses Japanese encephalitis virus infection in Aedes aegypti[J]. Jpn J Infect Dis, 2017, 70(1):38-44.DOI:10. 7883/yoken. jjid. 2015. 671.
[45]Liu B, Gao X, Ma J, et al. Influence of host and environmental factors on the distribution of the Japanese encephalitis vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus in China[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2018, 15(9):E1848.DOI:10. 3390/ijerph15091848.
[46]Chen BQ, Beaty BJ. Japanese encephalitis vaccine(2–8 strain)and parent(SA 14 strain)viruses in Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1982, 31(2):403-407. DOI:10. 4269/ajtmh. 1982. 31. 403.
#：黄祯祥教授1934年毕业于北京协和医学院，留校任内科住院医师。1941年至1943年在美国哥伦比亚大学医学院内科任讲师，从事病毒学研究工作。1943年从美国回国担任重庆的中央卫生实验院实验医理组主任，抗日战争胜利后随该单位迁到南京政府中央卫生署工作。1947年8月任中央卫生实验院北平分院院长。北平解放后，黄教授继续在北平分院工作。北平分院于1956年与其他单位合并成立中国医学科学院，黄祯祥教授任病毒学系主任。1964年，在病毒系基础上成立中国医学科学院病毒学研究所，该研究所于2002年更名为中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所。黄教授于1939年报道北京发生的乙脑流行（Huang,et al; Chinese Medical Journal;58:427-439;1940），详细记录了1939 年北京协和医院收治16例急性脑炎患者的流行病学特征，这是我国首次报道乙脑在人群中的流行。
[2] Griffiths MJ, Turtle L, Solomon T. Japanese encephalitis virus infection[J]. Handb Clin Neurol,2014, 123:561-576. DOI:10. 1016/b978-0-444-53488-0. 00026-2.
[3] Campbell GL, Hills SL, Fischer M, et al. Estimated global incidence of Japanese encephalitis:a systematic review[J]. Bull World Health Organ, 2011, 89(10):766-74, 774A-774E. DOI:10. 2471/blt. 10. 085233.
[4] Solomon T. Control of Japanese encephalitis—within our grasp?[J]. N Engl J Med, 2006, 355(9):869-871.DOI:10. 1056/nejmp058263.
[5] Gao X, Nasci R, Liang G. The neglected arboviral infections in China's mainland[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2010, 4(4):e624. DOI:10. 1371/journal.pntd. 0000624.
[6] Yen CH. Isolation of a virus from an acute encephalitis case in Peiping[J]. Exp Biol Med, 1941, 46(4):609-611. DOI:10. 3181/00379727-46-12080p.
[7]黄祯祥，王逸民.北京市流行性脑炎病毒的分离和鉴别[J].中华医学杂志，1951, 37(4):280-286.
[8]黄祯祥，郑云凯.从自然界之北京库雷蚊属CULEX PIPIENS VAR. PALLENS，分离得日本乙型脑炎病毒[J].中华医学杂志，1951, 37(4):296-299
[9]北京中国医学科学院流行病防治研究所脑炎组.流行性乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗的研究II,2-8株对马的安全性及免疫效果观察[J].微生物学报，1974, 2(14):185-190. DOI:10. 13343/j. cnki. wsxb. 1974. 02. 015.
[10]Yu Y. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Japanese encephalitis attenuated live vaccine virus SA14-14-2 and their stabilities[J]. Vaccine, 2010, 28(21):3635-3641. DOI:10. 1016/j. vaccine. 2010. 02. 105.
[11]Liang G, Li X, Gao X, et al. Arboviruses and their related infections in China:a comprehensive field and laboratory investigation over the last 3 decades[J]. Rev Med Virol, 2018, 28(1):e1959. DOI:10. 1002/rmv. 1959.
[12]Zheng Y, Li M, Wang H, et al. Japanese encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis virus in China's mainland[J].Rev Med Virol, 2012, 22(5):301-322. DOI:10. 1002/rmv. 1710.
[13]Chen XJ, Wang HY, Li XL, et al. Japanese encephalitis in China in the period of 1950–2018:from discovery to control[J]. Biomed Environ Sci, 2021, 34(3):175-183. DOI:10. 3967/bes2021. 024.
[14]Li YX, Li MH, Fu SH, et al. Japanese encephalitis,Tibet, China[J]. Emerg Infect Dis, 2011, 17(5):934-936. DOI:10. 3201/eid1705. 101417.
[15]Pan XL, Liu H, Wang HY, et al. Emergence of genotype I of Japanese encephalitis virus as the dominant genotype in Asia[J]. J Virol, 2011, 85(19):9847-9853. DOI:10. 1128/jvi. 00825-11.
[16]Gao X, Liu H, Li M, et al. Insights into the evolutionary history of Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)based on whole-genome sequences comprising the five genotypes[J]. Virol J, 2015, 12:43. DOI:10. 1186/s12985-015-0270-z.
[17]Xu G, Gao T, Wang Z, et al. Re-emerged genotype IV of Japanese encephalitis virus is the youngest virus in evolution[J]. Viruses, 2023, 15(3):626. DOI:10. 3390/v15030626.
[18]Gao X, Liu H, Wang H, et al. Southernmost Asia is the source of Japanese encephalitis virus(genotype 1)diversity from which the viruses disperse and evolve throughout Asia[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2013, 7(9):e2459. DOI:10. 1371/journal. pntd. 0002459.
[19]Li F, Feng Y, Wang G, et al. Tracing the spatiotemporal phylodynamics of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype I throughout Asia and the Western Pacific[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2023, 17(4):e0011192. DOI:10. 1371/journal. pntd. 0011192.
[20]Wang HY, Takasaki T, Fu SH, et al. Molecular epidemiological analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus in China[J]. J Gen Virol, 2007, 88(pt 3):885-894.DOI:10. 1099/vir. 0. 82185-0.
[21]Li MH, Fu SH, Chen WX, et al. Genotype v Japanese encephalitis virus is emerging[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2011, 5(7):e1231. DOI:10. 1371/journal.pntd. 0001231.
[22]Wang L, Fu S, Zhang H, et al. Identification and isolation of Genotype-I Japanese encephalitis virus from encephalitis patients[J]. Virol J, 2010, 7:345. DOI:10. 1186/1743-422x-7-345.
[23]Liu W, Fu S, Ma X, et al. An outbreak of Japanese encephalitis caused by genotype Ib Japanese encephalitis virus in China, 2018:a laboratory and field investigation[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2020, 14(5):e0008312. DOI:10. 1371/journal. pntd. 0008312.
[24]Wang G, Li H, Yang X, et al. Guillain-Barrésyndrome associated with JEV infection[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020, 383(12):1188-1190. DOI:10. 1056/nejmc1916977.
[25]Wang X, Wang G, Yang H, et al. A mouse model of peripheral nerve injury induced by Japanese encephalitis virus[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2022, 16(11):e0010961. DOI:10. 1371/journal. pntd. 0010961.
[26]Cao L, Fu S, Gao X, et al. Low protective efficacy of the Current Japanese encephalitis vaccine against the emerging genotype 5 Japanese encephalitis virus[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2016, 10(5):e0004686.DOI:10. 1371/journal. pntd. 0004686.
[27]Halstead SB, Jacobson J. Japanese encephalitis vaccines[M]//Vaccines. Amsterdam:Elsevier, 2008:311-352. DOI:10. 1016/b978-1-4160-3611-1. 50021-0.
[28]Gao X, Li X, Li M, et al. Vaccine strategies for the control and prevention of Japanese encephalitis in China's mainland, 1951-2011[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2014, 8(8):e3015. DOI:10. 1371/journal.pntd. 0003015.
[29]Li X, Gao X, Ren Z, et al. A spatial and temporal analysis of Japanese encephalitis in China's mainland,1963-1975:a period without Japanese encephalitis vaccination[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(6):e99183.DOI:10. 1371/journal. pone. 0099183.
[30]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制处. 2022年12月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态简介[J].疾病监测，2023, 38(1):1. DOI:10. 3784/jbjc. 202301180572.
[31]Li W, Feng Y, Zhong H, et al. Incongruence between confirmed and suspected clinical cases of Japanese encephalitis virus infection[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2024, 14:1302314. DOI:10. 3389/fcimb. 2024. 1302314.
[32]Zhang W, Yin Q, Wang H, et al. The reemerging and outbreak of genotypes 4 and 5 of Japanese encephalitis virus[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2023, 13:1292693. DOI:10. 3389/fcimb. 2023. 1292693.
[33]Woo JH, Jeong YE, Jo JE, et al. Genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype 5isolated from patient, South Korea, 2015[J]. Emerg Infect Dis, 2020, 26(5):1002-1006. DOI:10. 3201/eid2605. 190977.
[34]Lee AR, Song JM, Seo SU. Emerging Japanese encephalitis virus genotype V in republic of Korea[J]. J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2022, 32(8):955-959. DOI:10. 4014/jmb. 2207. 07002.
[35]Fan YC, Chen JM, Chiu HC, et al. Partially neutralizing potency against emerging genotype I virus among children received formalin-inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2012, 6(9):e1834. DOI:10. 1371/journal.pntd. 0001834.
[36]Erra EO, Askling HH, Yoksan S, et al. Crossprotective capacity of Japanese encephalitis(JE)vaccines against circulating heterologous JE virus genotypes[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2013, 56(2):267-270.DOI:10. 1093/cid/cis883.
[37]Hills SL, Netravathi M, Solomon T. Japanese encephalitis among adults:a review[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2023, 108(5):860-864. DOI:10. 4269/ajtmh. 23-0036.
[38]Anwar MN, Wang X, Hameed M, et al. Phenotypic and genotypic comparison of a live-attenuated genotype I Japanese encephalitis virus SD12-F120 strain with its virulent parental SD12 strain[J]. Viruses, 2020, 12(5):E552. DOI:10. 3390/v12050552.
[39]Han W, Gao M, Xie C, et al. Precise localization and dynamic distribution of Japanese encephalitis virus in the rain nuclei of infected mice[J/OL]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2021, 15(6):e0008442. DOI:10. 1371/journal.pntd. 0008442.
[40]Wang ZY, Zhen ZD, Fan DY, et al. Axl alleviates neuroinflammation and delays Japanese encephalitis progression in mice[J]. Virol Sin, 2021, 36(4):667-677. DOI:10. 1007/s12250-020-00342-y.
[41]Cao S, Li Y, Ye J, et al. Japanese encephalitis Virus wild strain infection suppresses dendritic cells maturation and function, and causes the expansion of regulatory T cells[J]. Virol J, 2011, 8:39. DOI:10. 1186/1743-422x-8-39.
[42]Zhu W, Li Q, Yin Y, et al. Ferroptosis contributes to JEV-induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation[J]. Virol Sin, 2024, 39(1):144-155. DOI:10. 1016/j. virs. 2023. 12. 004.
[43]Wang C, Zhang N, Qi L, et al. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibit T follicular helper cell immune response in Japanese encephalitis virus infection[J]. J Immunol, 2017, 199(9):3094-3105. DOI:10. 4049/jimmunol. 1700671.
[44]Sasaki T, Kuwata R, Hoshino K, et al. Argonaute 2suppresses Japanese encephalitis virus infection in Aedes aegypti[J]. Jpn J Infect Dis, 2017, 70(1):38-44.DOI:10. 7883/yoken. jjid. 2015. 671.
[45]Liu B, Gao X, Ma J, et al. Influence of host and environmental factors on the distribution of the Japanese encephalitis vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus in China[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2018, 15(9):E1848.DOI:10. 3390/ijerph15091848.
[46]Chen BQ, Beaty BJ. Japanese encephalitis vaccine(2–8 strain)and parent(SA 14 strain)viruses in Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1982, 31(2):403-407. DOI:10. 4269/ajtmh. 1982. 31. 403.
#：黄祯祥教授1934年毕业于北京协和医学院，留校任内科住院医师。1941年至1943年在美国哥伦比亚大学医学院内科任讲师，从事病毒学研究工作。1943年从美国回国担任重庆的中央卫生实验院实验医理组主任，抗日战争胜利后随该单位迁到南京政府中央卫生署工作。1947年8月任中央卫生实验院北平分院院长。北平解放后，黄教授继续在北平分院工作。北平分院于1956年与其他单位合并成立中国医学科学院，黄祯祥教授任病毒学系主任。1964年，在病毒系基础上成立中国医学科学院病毒学研究所，该研究所于2002年更名为中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所。黄教授于1939年报道北京发生的乙脑流行（Huang,et al; Chinese Medical Journal;58:427-439;1940），详细记录了1939 年北京协和医院收治16例急性脑炎患者的流行病学特征，这是我国首次报道乙脑在人群中的流行。
基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.004530
中图分类号:R373
引用信息:
[1]梁国栋.中国大陆乙脑病原学研究的历史与现状[J].病毒学报,2024,40(04):671-678.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.004530.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划资助（项目号：2022YFC2305304）,题目：急性自然疫源性传染病病原体基因组和关键甄别位点参比数据库的建立;; 国家自然科学基金重大项目（项目号：81290342）,题目：蚊虫携带人类病原体的发现与分离鉴定,分布特点,遗传进化规律及其与人类病毒的关系~~
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