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札如病毒（Sapovirus, SaV）具有高度的遗传多样，是引起散发或暴发病毒性胃肠炎的重要病原体之一。为了解中国东部地区人类SaV的流行情况及其基因型多样性，本研究于2020年1月至2022年12月，在山东省济南市采集并处理了36份污水样本，实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测显示33份（91.67%）污水样本为阳性；使用巢式RT-PCR对部分VP1序列进行扩增，电泳显示16份样本为阳性（44.4%）；对扩增产物分别进行下一代测序（Next generation sequencing, NGS）和分析，共鉴定出7种SaV基因型，属于GI、GII和GV三个基因群，包括5种主要基因型（GI.1、GI.2、GI.6、GII.1和GV.1）和2种不常见的基因型（GII.3和GII.5）；研究期间内，优势基因型在2021年4月前后由GI.2型转换为GI.1型。基于部分VP1序列的系统发生学分析显示本地序列和外来序列在某些分支中聚集，具有密切的亲缘关系。本研究丰富了新冠疫情以来三年内札如病毒的分子流行病学特征，证明了基于NGS的环境污水监测可以增加人们对SaV流行状况的认识，对深入研究我国SaV的分布及流行具有重大意义。
Abstract：Sapovirus(SaV) can infect humans of all ages. It is an important pathogen that causes sporadic outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis. SaV has a high genetic diversity. To understand the prevalence of human SaV and its genotype diversity in eastern China, 36 sewage samples were collected and treated in Jinan City,(Shandong Province, China) from January 2020 to December 2022. Thirty-three(91.67%) sewage samples were positive for the human SaV genome according to real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Sixteen samples(44.4%) were positive in a nested reverser transcription-PCR on partial VP1 sequence of capsids by electrophoresis. Seven genotypes were identified by next-generation sequencing(NGS) and analyses of the amplification products. They belonged to the genogroups of GI, GII and GV, including five major genotypes(GI.1, GI.2, GI.6, GII.1, and GV.1) and two uncommon genotypes(GII.3 and GII.5). During the study period, the dominant genotype changed from GI.2 to GI.1 around April 2021. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial VP1 sequences showed local and foreign sequences clustered in some branches, and they had close genetic relationships. We detailed the molecular epidemiological characteristics of SaV in the 3 years of the coronavirus disease-2019 epidemic. We showed that monitoring of environmental sewage based on NGS:(i) has greatly improved understanding of the prevalence of human SaV;(ii) is very important for further research on the distribution and prevalence of SaV in China.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.004500
中图分类号:R373
引用信息:
[1]龙森,纪峰,林小娟等.2020-2022年济南市污水中札如病毒的型别构成及其分子特征[J].病毒学报,2024,40(03):528-535.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.004500.
基金信息:
泰山学者青年专家计划项目（项目号：tsqn202103187）,题目：基于同一健康理念和下一代测序技术新型病毒的发现、溯源和进化动态研究; 国家自然科学基金面上项目（项目号：81573209）,题目：环境污水中人类胃肠炎病毒的型别多样性、遗传进化规律及其与人群疾病发生的关系~~