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本文通过分析采集的鼻咽拭子样本新冠病毒核酸Ct值，探索我国奥密克戎变异株流行时期感染者的排毒规律及影响因素，为预判不同类型病例的传染性和疾病进展提供科学依据。研究纳入某地区457例SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性感染者的1 462份鼻咽拭子样本。提取病毒总RNA，荧光定量PCR法确定样本新冠病毒Ct值。设定Ct值<35为阳性，比较核酸检测阳性后不同时间点Ct值以及不同年龄、性别、疫苗接种分组间Ct值的差异。结果表明感染者ORF1ab和N基因的平均Ct值在首次核酸阳性后的第1周均最低（ORF1ab:32.36±0.3949; N:31.89±0.3792）,ORF1ab基因的平均Ct值在首次核酸阳性后第2周转阴，而N基因的平均Ct值在首次核酸阳性后第3周转阴。不同年龄组新冠病毒感染者ORF1ab和N基因的Ct值变化具有统计学差异（ORF1ab:P=0.011;N:P=0.0042）。其中，在第3周，老年组Ct值显著低于中青年组；在第4周，老年组和中青年组的Ct值显著低于儿童组。不同性别和疫苗接种情况分组间Ct值变化均无统计学差异。本研究结果显示，年龄是影响新冠病毒感染者病毒载量变化的主要因素。
Abstract：By investigating the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in nasopharyngeal swab samples collection, this study aims to explore the viral shedding pattern and the influencing factors during the Omicron epidemic period in China, and provides scientific basis to predict the infectivity and disease progression of different types of cases. A total of 1462 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from 457 SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive infections in a certain area from October 7 to October 24, 2022. The total viral RNA was extracted, and the Ct value of the samples was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Ct value was considered positive if it was less than 35. Furthermore, comparisons were made among different age groups, genders, and vaccination statuses to assess variations in Ct values. The results showed that the mean of Ct values of and N genes were the lowest during the first week following the initial detection of nucleic acid positivity(ORF1ab: 32.36±0.3949; N: 31.89±0.3792). However, the mean of Ct value of ORF1ab gene turned negative in the second week following the initial positive nucleic acid detection, while the Ct mean value of N gene turned negative within three weeks after the initial positive nucleic acid detection. The Ct values of ORF1ab and N genes exhibited significant variations cross different age groups(ORF1ab: P=0.011; N: P=0.0042). Specifically, at week 3, the elderly group demonstrated significantly lower Ct values compared to the young and middle-aged group. At week 4, both the elderly group and young and middle-aged group displayed significantly lower Ct values than the child group. No significant differences in Ct values were observed between different gender groups or vaccination conditions. Therefore, we found that age was the primary determinant influencing the alteration of viral load in patients infected with Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.004475
中图分类号:R511
引用信息:
[1]包恬淼,冯晔囡,毛乃颖,等.新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者呼吸道排毒规律研究[J].病毒学报,2024,40(02):241-247.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.004475.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金（项目号：82341034）,高强度流行期间主要新冠变异株感染与再感染特征研究（基于多队列人群在高强度流行期间新冠病毒感染比较研究项目之一）;国家自然科学基金（项目号：82341035）,高强度流行期间我国主要奥密克戎变异株进化特征研究（基于多队列人群在高强度流行期间新冠病毒感染比较研究项目之三）~~
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