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尼帕病毒（Nipah virus, NiV）是副黏病毒科亨尼帕病毒属的高致病性人畜共患病原体，为单股负链RNA病毒，其感染人类可引发重症脑炎、呼吸系统衰竭等严重疾病。该病毒于1998年在马来西亚首次暴发流行，此后在南亚地区反复出现疫情，近年来非洲亦检测到相关新型病毒序列，为全球病毒防控带来新的潜在风险。其自然储存宿主主要为狐蝠属果蝠，可通过动物-人、人-人及污染食物等多途径传播，对公共卫生安全构成严重威胁。本文系统综述了尼帕病毒的病原生物学特征、致病机制、流行病学特征、诊断技术、防控策略及疫苗研究进展，以期为提升我国对新发突发传染病的应对能力提供科学参考。
Abstract：Nipah virus is a highly pathogenic zoonotic pathogen belonging to the genus Henipavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae, which is single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus. Human infection with NiV can cause severe diseases such as severe encephalitis and respiratory failure. The virus was first emerged in Malaysia in 1998 and has since caused recurrent outbreaks in South Asia. In recent years, novel Nipah virus-related viral sequences have been detected in Africa, posing new potential risks to global virus prevention and control. The natural reservoir of Nipah virus is mainly fruit bat of the genus Pteropus. Nipah virus can be transmitted through multiple routes including animal-to-human, human-to-human and contaminated food, posing a serious threat to public health security. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on Nipah virus in terms of its pathogenic biological characteristics, pathogenic mechanism, epidemiological features, diagnostic techniques, prevention and control strategies as well as vaccine research, aiming to provide scientific references for improving China's response capacity to emerging and outbreaking infectious diseases.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.260065
中图分类号:R373
引用信息:
[1]郑文江,杨秋雨,田加盛,等.尼帕病毒病原学、流行病学、诊断技术、防控策略与疫苗的研究进展[J].病毒学报,2026,42(04):1112-1127.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.260065.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（项目号：82505441）,题目：基于巨噬细胞-中性粒细胞间NS1/MMP9/NLRP3介导NETosis探讨清气凉营化湿法改善登革热“气营两燔”血管内皮功能障碍的分子机制; 中医药广东省实验室科技研发培植项目（项目号：HQL2024PZ043）,题目：治疗登革热热入营血证的加味岗藿清瘟颗粒新药开发研究; 广州中医药大学青年拔尖人才“揭榜挂帅”团队项目,题目：中医药防治蚊媒传染病的临床疗效和分子机制研究~~
2026-07-09
2026-07-09
2026-07-09