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尼帕病毒（Nipah virus, NiV）是一种主要在东南亚、南亚暴发的高病死率人畜共患病原体。截至到2026年，印度仍持续不断暴发疫情，对人类健康造成巨大威胁，至今尚未有相关疫苗获批上市。近年来，基于结构学设计的NiV疫苗研究发展迅速，有望为疫苗的研发上市带来突破。相关研究主要涵盖结合受体的吸附蛋白（Glycoprotein,G）构象转变与抗原表位重构、融合蛋白（Fusion protein, F）的融合前构象稳定化策略及G/融合前蛋白（Prefusion protein, preF）嵌合免疫原的双重靶向设计，为副黏病毒通用疫苗的开发提供了通用设计策略。此外，基于铁蛋白载体和病毒样颗粒等多平台的NiV纳米颗粒疫苗，在免疫原性增强与黏膜递送方面展现出显著优势。本文从G蛋白和F蛋白的结构出发，系统综述了基于蛋白不同构象的疫苗开发策略和创新技术，并强调纳米颗粒疫苗的应用前景，旨在为基于结构设计的NiV疫苗研发提供思路和参考。
Abstract：Nipah virus(NiV) is a highly lethal zoonotic pathogen that primarily breaks out in Southeast and South Asia. As of 2026, Nipah virus still breaks out in India, posing a significant threat to human health. To date, no related vaccine has been approved for application. In recent years, research on the design of structurebased vaccine against NiV has advanced rapidly, holding promise for breakthroughs in vaccine development and licensure. Relevant studies mainly focus on the conformational transitions and epitope reconstruction of the receptor-binding attachment glycoprotein(G), stabilization strategies for the prefusion conformation of the fusion protein(F), and the dual-targeting design of G/prefusion protein(preF) chimeric immunogens, thereby providing a universal design strategy for the development of general paramyxovirus vaccines. Furthermore, NiV nanoparticle vaccines based on multiple platforms, such as ferritin carriers and virus-like particles, have demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing immunogenicity and enabling mucosal delivery. Herein, the vaccine development strategies based on different conformations of protein and innovative technologies were systematically summarized from the perspective of the structural features of the G and F proteins, while the application prospects of nanoparticle vaccines were highlighted, aiming to provide insights and a reference for the development of structure-based NiV vaccines.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:R392-33
引用信息:
[1]李涛,徐华,赵春辉,等.基于结构设计的尼帕病毒疫苗研究进展[J].病毒学报().
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划(项目号:2023YFC2307900),题目:新型病毒载体与减毒疫苗研究和应用
2026-08-12
2026-08-12
2026-08-12