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肠道病毒（Enteroviruses, EVs）属于微小病毒科肠道病毒属，是一类无包膜、单链RNA病毒。EV-D68于1962年被首次发现，主要在夏秋季流行。儿童、患有急性弛缓性脊髓炎和哮喘的病人EV-D68流行率较高。EV-D68通过呼吸道传播，主要引起呼吸系统疾病。近年来，EV-D68因其在急性呼吸道感染中的高致病性和潜在重症风险逐渐成为全球公共卫生关注焦点。EV-D68目前可通过核酸、抗原和抗体进行诊断，针对EV-D68进行研究的抗病毒药物有普乐康尼（Pleconaril）、伐喷达韦（Vapendavir）和一种肠病毒衣壳抑制剂（Pocapavir），目前尚没有批准的疫苗来预防EV-D68感染，双佐剂灭活疫苗在小鼠模型中实现较好的保护作用。本综述将重点介绍有关肠道病毒EVD68流行病学特征、临床表现、感染的免疫学机制、与其它病原的关系和宿主免疫相关的研究进展，以期为临床诊疗和公共卫生决策提供科学依据。
Abstract：Enteroviruses(EVs), members of the genus Enterovirus within the family Picornaviridae, are nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses. Enterovirus D68(EV-D68) was first identified in 1962 and circulates predominantly during the summer and autumn months. The prevalence of EV-D68 is higher among children, as well as in patients with acute flaccid myelitis(AFM) or asthma. Transmission occurs primarily via the respiratory route, and infection mainly results in respiratory diseases. In recent years, EV-D68 has attracted increasing global public health attention due to its high pathogenicity in acute respiratory infections and its potential to cause severe illness. Current diagnostic methods include nucleic acid detection, antigen assays, and serological testing. Several antiviral agents, such as pleconaril pleconaril, vapendavir, and the enterovirus capsid inhibitor pocapavir have been investigated, but no licensed vaccine is available to date. Experimental studies of a dual-adjuvanted inactivated vaccine in mouse models have shown promising protective efficacy. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, and immunological mechanisms of EV-D68 infection, as well as its interactions with other pathogens, and host immune responses. These insights provide a scientific basis for improved clinical management and evidencebased public health decision-making.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.250197
中图分类号:R511
引用信息:
[1]曲艺璇,樊欢,邓斐,等.EV-D68感染所致急性呼吸道传染病的研究进展[J].病毒学报,2026,42(03):1043-1056.DOI:10.13242/j.cnki.bingduxuebao.250197.
基金信息:
高发传染病的新型疫苗候选品种研发（项目号：2024YFC2310403）,题目：新型肠道病毒疫苗的临床前研究~~
2025-06-24
2025
2025-07-26
2025-09-18
2025
1
2025-09-19
2025-09-19
2025-09-19