病毒学报

阐明中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)2018-2019年流行性腮腺炎(流腮)流行特征和病毒基因特征。对2018-2019年中国流腮流行病学和病毒学监测数据进行描述流行病学和分子流行病学分析。2018-2019年中国流腮年报告发病率分别为18.65/10万和21.48/10万,15岁以下儿童和青少年是我国流腮的高发人群,分别占总病例数的85.30%和82.56%。流腮的流行具有明显的季节性特征。全国各省、自治区、直辖市份均有流腮病例报告,西部和中部地区发病率高于东部地区。2018-2019年共获得160条腮腺炎病毒(Mumps virus,MuV)SH基因序列,其中150条(93.75%)序列鉴定为F基因型MuV,在我国11个省份检测到;10条(6.25%)序列为G基因型MuV,2019年在广东、湖北和新疆3个省份检测到。和我国既往流行MuV代表株相比,2018-2019年流行的F基因型MuV代表株序列在基因亲缘性关系树上相对集中。现阶段我国流腮的流行病学特征未发生明显改变,仍呈现病毒自然流行模式;F基因型作为优势流行基因型,在我国大部分地区持续流行,但毒株的遗传多态性有所降低,这可能和我国实施1剂次腮腺炎疫苗常规免疫策略有关。G基因型MuV主要在我国局部地区流行,但流行范围在逐渐扩大。建议进一步加强两剂次腮腺炎疫苗接种工作,降低我国腮腺炎易感人群。同时持续性开展MuV流行学和病毒学监测工作,为鉴别病毒的来源,确定病毒传播途径和评估腮腺炎疫苗免疫策略奠定重要的基础。

To clarify the epidemiological and viral genetic characteristics of mumps in China(excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, same as below) during 2018-2019. Analyses were conducted based on the epidemiological and virological surveillance data for mumps in 2018 and 2019. The incidence of mumps in China in 2018 and 2019 was 18.65/100,000 and 21.48/100,000 respectively. Children and adolescents under 15 years of age were the high-risk population for mumps,and accounted for 85.30% and 82.56% of the total mumps cases,respectively. The prevalence of mumps showed obvious seasonal characteristics. Mumps incidence in western and central regions was higher than that in eastern regions. A total of 160 mumps virus(MuV)SH gene sequences were obtained during 2018-2019. Of these,150(93.75%) sequences were identified as the F genotype obtained from 11 provinces,and 10(6.25%)sequences were G genotype from Guangdong,Hubei and Xinjiang provinces in 2019. Compared with the sequences of MuV representative strains in the previous years in China,the F genotype MuV representative sequences during 2018-2019 were relatively closer in the phylogenetic tree. The epidemiological characteristics of mumps in China during 2018-2019 have not changed significantly,and MuV presents a natural epidemic pattern. F genotype,as the predominant genotype,continues to circulate in China,but the genetic polymorphism of the virus strains is gradually reduced,which may be related to the implementation of the one-dose mumps vaccine immunization in China. The G genotype MuV is detected in some provinces in China,but its prevalence is gradually expanding. It is recommended to further strengthen the two-dose vaccination of mumps to reduce the susceptible population in China.Simultaneously,the MuV epidemiological and virological surveillance should be continuously implemented to provide an important foundation for identifying the source of the virus, determining the route of virus transmission and evaluating the mumps vaccine immunization strategy.